J9191 Medicaid reimbursement rate by state (2026)

• Order. States are listed from the highest published rate to the lowest. No single unit is shared by 8 or more states for J9191, so the order is by published amount and is not a like-for-like rank.
• Medicaid rate. The most the state's fee-for-service program pays for one unit, as published. 1 of the 9 states list more than one rate for J9191, by modifier, provider type or setting; the table shows the one that matches the provider level and setting used across states, without add-ons.
• Unit. Of the 9 states, 1 publish J9191 per 10 mg, and 8 schedules print no unit at all (a flat amount per service).
• Per hour. J9191 is not billed in time units in these states, so no hourly figure is shown.
• Managed-care plans. The rule the state sets for its plans on this rate. What each rule means is explained below.
• % of Medicare. No Medicare physician fee schedule amount is on file for J9191, so there is no percentage.
• Source and date. Each Source link opens the state's own document; “since” is the date the rate took effect.

Published rates for J9191 run from $14.00 in California to $14.84 in Utah, a 1.1x gap in the same unit. Half the states pay more than the median of $14.84 and half pay less. The usual reasons for a spread like this in pharmacy rates:

• For children, many vaccines are supplied through the federal Vaccines for Children program, so the Medicaid payment can be for administration only.
• States differ in whether they pay a fixed fee, a percentage of a benchmark or invoice cost.
• Drugs given in a practice or clinic are commonly priced from a benchmark such as average sales price or wholesale acquisition cost, which moves every quarter.

Timing matters too. 9 states set the current rate for J9191 in 2026 or later. A state that has not updated its rate in years will drift down the ranking as others raise theirs.

Most Medicaid members are in managed-care plans, and plans don't publish their provider fee schedules. For J9191, the public signal is the rule each state sets for its plans, recorded on each rate above.

In 7 states, plans negotiate and the published rate is a benchmark or out-of-network default. The rule for the remaining 2 states is not classified yet.

• Plans negotiate; the published rate applies out of network (7 states). In-network rates can be above or below the published rate. The published rate is the benchmark both sides know, and the fallback if no contract is signed.

Plan-negotiated rates are never estimated here. To see the rule and its citation for a particular state, open that state's managed-care page, for example Utah managed care.

J9191 is a HCPCS Level II drug code in the pharmacy line, billed mostly by practices and clinics that administer vaccines and drugs. J codes cover drugs that are not self-administered. One unit is the dose stated in the code, so a claim for a larger dose bills several units.

Drug codes are billed in units of the dose stated in the code, so a larger dose bills more units. Many states require the National Drug Code (NDC) on the claim alongside the billing code.

Before billing, confirm the rate, unit and any modifier with the state's current schedule or the plan: the amounts here are as published, not a guarantee of payment.